zokkonの日記： proprietary

ハロウィーン文書VIIの翻訳 の記事で訳語に関するスレができているが，proprietary の定訳は今のところないのか。何度も登場する場合，「プロプラエタリ（専有）ソフトウェア」と最初に示して，以後「専有～」とするのが現実的な対応だろう。三省堂の『グランドコンサイス英和辞典』の記述はちょっとおかしいと思うのだが，典拠は何だろう。とりあえずオンラインで引ける辞書・単語集の記述だけを集めてみた。

グランドコンサイス英和辞典
【コンピュータ】プロプラエタリ, 専有の ((ある特定の所有者のプログラムや，そのようなプログラムが持つ標準的ではない性質についていう)).

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
2 : something that is used, produced, or marketed under exclusive legal right of the inventor or maker; specifically : a drug (as a patent medicine) that is protected by secrecy, patent, or copyright against free competition as to name, product, composition, or process of manufacture

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2. Exclusively owned; private: a proprietary hospital.
3. Owned by a private individual or corporation under a trademark or patent: a proprietary drug.

Jargon File
2. In the language of hackers and users, inferior; implies a product not conforming to open-systems standards, and thus one that puts the customer at the mercy of a vendor who can inflate service and upgrade charges after the initial sale has locked the customer in.

Glossary of Communications, Computer, Data, and Information Security Terms
refers to information (or other property) that is owned by an individual or organization and for which the use is restricted by that entity

Netlingo
Something that a company has not divulged, especially regarding design or technique specifications that would allow other companies to duplicate the product.
Proprietary software, for example, has been privately developed and is privately owned and controlled.

searchSystemsManagement.com
In information technology, proprietary describes a technology or product that is owned exclusively by a single company that carefully guards knowledge about the technology or the product's inner workings. Some proprietary products can only function properly if at all when used with other products owned by the same company. An example of a proprietary product is Adobe Acrobat, whose Portable Document Format (PDF) files can only be read with the Acrobat Reader. Microsoft is often held up as the best example of a company that takes the proprietary approach. It should be observed that the proprietary approach is a traditional approach. Throughout history, the knowledge of how an enterprise makes its products has usually been guarded as a valuable secret and such legal devices as the patent, trademark, and copyright were invented to protect a company's intellectual property.

A prime motivation behind development of products using proprietary technology is straightforward - buyers are compelled to use other products marketed by the same company. Microsoft is often held up as the exemplary company in terms of proprietary sophistication. Nevertheless, the strongest reason in favor of using proprietary standards leads to the strongest reason against: customers may be disinclined to buy one product that limits their choice of others. The IT world is increasingly moving toward open standardization.

Criteria for open standard products include: absence of specificity to a particular vendor, wide distribution of standards, and easy and free or low-cost accessibility. One of the best known examples of an open standard product is the Linux operating system. (There are free versions of Linux and for-cost versions. The latter come with accessability to service and updating.)